The VAT Oil and Gas Guide (Version 1.0, May 2020, updated 1 January 2022) is issued by the National Bureau for Revenue (NBR) of Bahrain and explains the VAT treatment of oil and gas supplies across the value chain. It confirms that upstream, midstream and downstream activities are generally zero-rated, while products derived from oil and gas such as plastics and fertilizers remain standard rated, and that imports of raw natural gas, crude oil and other hydrocarbons are exempt from import VAT. The guide addresses the grant of block rights by the National Oil and Gas Authority in its sovereign capacity, Production Sharing and Joint Operating Agreements between Participating Parties, exploration and oilfield services, equipment and consumables used directly and exclusively for qualifying supplies, refining, LNG regasification, petrol station operating models, place of supply and the VAT due date.